How to Turn Your Windows PC Into a Wi-Fi Hotspot

How to Turn Your Windows PC Into a Wi-Fi Hotspot

Windows can turn your laptop (or desktop) into a wireless hotspot, allowing your other devices to connect to it. With Internet Connection Sharing, it can share your Internet connection with those connected devices.
Thanks to a hidden virtual Wi-Fi adapter feature in Windows, you can even create a Wi-Fi hotspot while you’re connected to another Wi-Fi network, sharing one Wi-Fi connection over another one.

Setup a Wi-Fi Hotspot Using Connective

If you want to setup a Wi-Fi router hotspot with loads of options and a nice interface, Connective has a great application called Hotspot that lets you easily create a hotspot from your internet connection. If you pay for the Pro version you can even use your PC as a Wi-Fi repeater or a wired router, or share a tethered connection off your phone.
Connective Hotspot is great if you’re at a hotel that charges per device, or if you’re on a plane and you connect your laptop but don’t want to pay more to connect your phone.
It’s really more of a power user tool, but if you’re looking for a good solution, Hotspot is free to try out, and the basic version is free with some limitations.

Setup a Wi-Fi Hotspot Using Virtual Router

RELATED ARTICLE

How to Share a Hotel’s Single Wi-Fi Connection With All Your Devices
Many hotels still limit you to one or two devices per room — a frustrating limitation, especially when traveling with someone... [Read Article]

Windows has integrated ways to create a Wi-Fi hotspot, but you should probably skip them. The open-source Virtual Router application will work better in most cases. It’s actually just a little interface on top of powerful features built into Windows — features that Windows itself doesn’t expose.
For example, it creates a virtual Wi-Fi adapter that allows you to be connected to a Wi-Fi network while hosting your own Wi-Fi network. You can do both things at once with just a single Wi-Fi adapter, making this an ideal way to share hotel Wi-Fi connections and other Wi-Fi networks you may only have a single login to.
It also provides a nice interface for setting this up, one more convenient than the one found in Windows 7. Windows 8 doesn’t provide any graphical interface for setting this up, so it’s even more important there. The commercial Connective application just provides a pretty interface on top of these features built into Windows, and Virtual Router will let you do the same thing without spending any money or seeing any advertisements.
Download Virtual Router and launch it. Provide a name for your network, enter a passphrase, and choose the connection you want to share with devices that connect to that Wi-Fi network. Click the “Start Virtual Router” button, and you’re done. You can even see a list of connected devices in this window.

Windows 7

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This feature is integrated into Windows 7’s networking interface. Open the Manage Wireless Networks window, click the Add button, and click “Create an ad hoc network.” Enter a name and passphrase for the network and it’ll appear in the list of wireless networks. Select it and your laptop will disconnect from its current Wi-Fi network, hosting an ad-hoc network your other devices can connect to.
Be sure to activate the “Allow other network users to connect through this computer’s Internet connection” checkbox if you want to share an Internet connection — for example, a wired Ethernet connection — with the devices connected to your laptop’s hotspot.

Windows 8 and 8.1

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For whatever reason, Microsoft removed the graphical wizard that allows you to create an ad-hoc wireless network in Windows 8.
However, this is still built into the Windows operating system, and you can set it up without any third-party software. You’ll just need to visit the Command Prompt and run a few commands to configure and activate your Wi-Fi hotspot. Be sure to enable the “Internet Connection Sharing” checkbox if you’d like to share another Internet connection with devices that connect to the ad-hoc wireless network.

Internet Connection Sharing

Thanks to Virtual Router and Windows’ ability ot connect to a network and host a hotspot at the same time, you can use these tricks to easily share Wi-Fi networks. But the Internet Connection Sharing feature built into Windows can be used in other ways, too.
You could use this feature to share your Internet connection over a Bluetooth PAN or via an Ethernet cable plugged into your computer. Just be sure to enable the Internet Connection Sharing option under the adapter’s properties.

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Note that some devices may not be able to create to the ad-hoc Wi-Fi network created by this method. It depends on the specific device and the Wi-Fi features it supports.

windows update cannot check for updates because the service is not running ----windows 7

Solved: Windows update cannot currently check for updates in Windows 8, 7 or Vista

Windows Update error “Windows update cannot currently check for updates because the service is not running. You may need to restart your computer” probably occurs when Windows temporary update folder (SoftwareDistribution folder) is corrupted. To easily fix this error, follow the below steps in this tutorial.

How to resolve Windows (8, 7 or Vista) update error: “Windows update cannot currently check for updates because the service is not running” when you check for updates.

Solution 1: Solve Windows Update cannot check for updates” error using Microsoft Fix It utility

2. Run Microsoft Fix It tool and press “Accept”.
3. Select “Detect problems and apply the fixes for me (Recommended)” option.
4. Let the troubleshooter fix Windows Update problems and press “Next”. *

* If the problem is fixed, close the troubleshooter and check for Windows updates again. Otherwise, continue to Solution 2.

Solution 2: Solve Windows Update cannot check for updates” error manually.

Step 1: Stop Windows Update service.

To do this:

a. Simultaneously press Windows key + R  to open run command box.
b. Inside run command box, type: services.msc and press Enter.

c. Search for Windows Update service, then right click on it and select Stop.



d. Without closing the services window, proceed to the next step.

Step 2: Delete or Rename Windows update temporary storage folder.

To do this:
a. Open “My Computer” and navigate to “C:\Windows” folder.
b. Delete (or Rename e.g. to “SoftwareDistributionOLD”) the “SoftwareDistribution” folder.

Step 3: Start Windows Update service.

a. Go to Windows services and “Start” the Windows Update service.



b. Try to update Windows again.



@ 2nd Option is the best option.... Always Try it...........................

Upgrade Windows 7 to Windows 8 Step-by-step Guide

This step-by-step guide serves as general guidance for users upgrading their current Microsoft Windows 7 to Microsoft Windows 8. Please refer to this guide ONLY if you are conducting a compatible upgrade as follows: Microsoft Windows 8 upgrade plan Users will be able to upgrade to Windows 8 Pro from Windows 7 Home Basic, Windows 7 Home Premium and Windows 7 Ultimate while maintaining their existing Windows settings, personal files, and applications.

Step 1 Preparation
Please run Windows Update first before installing the upgrade. (This step will require a connection to the Internet)
1.1	Press Start → All Programs. When the program list shows, find “Windows Update” and click to execute.
1.2	Click “Check for updates” to download the necessary updates.
1.3	Windows Update is checking updates…
1.4	Install updates for your system.
1.5	Some of the updates will require you to restart the computer. Please follow the instruction and re-start your computer. Repeat step 1.1-1.4 to obtain all essential updates until no new important updates are available.

Step 2 Installing Windows 8
2.1	Upgrade option only works by Microsoft Windows 8 upgrade plan. Please confirm your current Microsoft Windows 7 version. If you are not sure, you can click “Start → Control → Panel → System” to see your current Microsoft Windows system. Besides that, you will also need a DVD or BD reading device.
2.2	Insert the Windows 8 Installation Disc* in your DVD or BD reading device. Wait for the AutoPlay windows to pop up. Click “Run setup.exe” to continue.
	You should obtain this installation disc though Microsoft Windows 8 Upgrade Program or a direct purchase of the retail box package. GIGABYTE will NOT deliver such disc to consumers.
2.3	Windows 8 Installation will be prepared.
2.4	Before the installation, Windows will require you to type in the Product Key. You should find your product key in your disc package. (If not, please contact your disc providers.)
2.5	Check the “I accept the license terms” to continue.
2.6	Choose what kind of upgrade you want and click “Next”. Please plug your AC adaptor to proceed. Please DO NOT take out the disc from DVD player before the installation is completed.
2.7	Windows will check if your system is ready to upgrade.
2.8	Windows will notice if any Microsoft program is not yet compatible with Windows 8.
2.9	Uninstall the program and follow instruction by Windows 8 setup.

Step 3 Complete the Windows 8 Installation
3.1	According to the upgrade type you choose at step 2.6, windows may (not) direct you to personalize setup.
3.2	Once the Windows 8 desktop shows, your upgrade is complete.
Welcome to Windows 8!

The user profile service service failed the logon windows 7

Training Document (1):

1. Log on as an administrator.

2. Open the folder C:\Users using Windows Explorer.

3. Click Organize, click Folder and search options and click the View tab

4. Click Show hidden files, folders and drives, and click OK.

5. If the Default user profile folder already exists under C:\Users, rename it to Default.OLD

6. Download w7-default.zip. Unzip the file and extract the contents ("Default").

7. Move the extracted folder and contents to C:\Users

The newly copied Default folder should inherit the permissions from its parent folder, C:\Users. That is, the SYSTEM and Administrators are assigned full control, and "Users" and "Everyone" have Read permissions. You may want to verify if the permissions are assigned correctly. To do so, right-click the folder C:\Users\Default and click Properties, and select the Security tab. Inspect the permission entries there.

It’s all set now! Try logging on to the new user account and check if the problem is resolved.

Tutorial for --The World of DOS - Creating Batch Files

The World of DOS - Creating Batch Files

Introduction(1)
History(1)
DOS/Win3.11/95/98 vs. NT/ME/XP/2000(1)
Command Index(1)
Navigating DOS(2)
Tips and Tricks(2)
Network/Hardware Utilities(3)
How to make and use bootable floppy disks(3)
Batch Files(4)
Creating Batch Files(4)
Batch file utilities and commands(4)
   BREAK   CALL   CHOICE   CLS   ECHO   EXIT   FOR   GOTO   IF   LASTDRIVE   MSCDEX   PAUSE   REM   SET  

The AUTOEXEC.BAT file(4)   Autoexec.nt   config.sys
Types of Batch and System Files(4)
Parameters in batch files(4)
Batch File Library(5)
Subject Index(5)
Helpful DOS Links(5)

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Batch Files

What are batch files? Batch files are not programs, pre se, they are lists of command line instructions that are batched together in one file. For the most part, you could manually type in the lines of a batch file and get the same results, but batch files make this work easy. Batch files do not contain "compiled" code like C++ so they can be opened, copied and edited. They are usually used for simple routines and low-level machine instruction, but they can be very powerful. If you look in your C:\, C:\WINDOWS, or C:\WINNT folder you will see a multitude of.BAT,.SYS,.CFG,.INF and other types. These are all kinds of batch files. This may shock you, but while most applications are written in Basic or C++ they sit on a mountain of batch files. Batch files are the backbone of the Windows operating system, delete them and you've effectively disabled the OS. There is a reason for this. The system batch files on each computer are unique the that computer and change each time a program is loaded. The operating system must have access to these files and be able to add and delete instructions from them.

Creating Batch files

Simple instructions

1. Open a text editor like notepad(NOT word or WordPad)
2. Type or copy this text:

   @ECHO OFF ECHO. ECHO This is a batch file ECHO. PAUSE CLS EXIT

3. Save this as batchfile.bat, make sure there is no .txt extension after the .bat
4. Double-click the file icon

This is a little batch file I wrote that I use every day. It deletes the cookies that get dumped to my hard drive every time I go online. I could set my browser preferences not to accept cookies, but sometimes cookies are useful. Some CGI pages are unusable with cookies, sometimes when you enter a password for a Website, the site uses a cookie to remember your password. I just do not need hundreds of cookie files taking up space after I close my browser. With this batch file, all I have to do is double-click it and it deletes my cookies. Feel free to cut and paste this code to your Notepad or Wordpad. Save it as oncookiekill.bat your Desktop.

cls REM ******************************************* REM **Cookie Kill Program Will not work in NT** REM ******************************************* deltree /y c:\windows\cookies\*.* deltree /y c:\windows\tempor~1\*.* pause cls REM Cookies deleted!

What does the batch file do? The first line has the command.cls cls clears the screen window of any previous data. The next three lines start with REM for "remark." Lines beginning with do not contain commands, but instructions or messages that will be displayed for the user. The next two lines begin with the command,deltreedeltree not only deletes files but directories and sub-directories. In this case, the file is deleting the directory andcookies all the files inside. This directory is automatically rebuilt. The has been.deltree passed the parameter,/y this informs the process to answer "YES" to any confirmation questions. Sometimes you type the orDEL one of its cousins, the system will ask "Are sure you want to do this?" setting answers/y these prompts without interrupting the process. The command.pause halts the process temporarily and shows the users a list of all the files being deleted. cls clears the screen again, another lineREM tells the user that the files are deleted. The last line contains only :end and returns the process to the command prompt. This version was created to show the user everything that is taking place in the process. The version bellow does the same thing without showing the user any details.

cls
@echo off

deltree /y c:\windows\cookies\*.*
deltree /y c:\windows\tempor~1\*.*

cls


Without REM lines there are no comments. The @echo off command keeps the process from being "echoed" in the DOS window, and without the pause and :end lines, the process runs and exits without prompting the user. In a process this small it is okay to have it be invisible to the user. With more a complex process, more visual feedback is needed. In computing there is fine line between too much and too little information. When in doubt give the user the oportunity to see what is going on.

This version is a little more thurough, deletes alot of junk

cls @ECHO OFF ECHO. *********************************** ECHO. ** Clean Cookies and Temp Files ** ECHO. ** Will not work in NT ** ECHO. ******************************* deltree /y c:\windows\cookies\*.* deltree /y c:\windows\tempor~1\*.* deltree /y c:\progra~1\Netscape\Users\default\Cache\*.jpg deltree /y c:\progra~1\Netscape\Users\default\Cache\*.gif deltree /y c:\progra~1\Netscape\Users\default\Cache\*.htm deltree /y c:\progra~1\Netscape\Users\default\archive\*.htm deltree /y c:\progra~1\Netscape\Users\default\archive\*.gif deltree /y c:\progra~1\Netscape\Users\default\archive\*.jpg deltree /y c:\windows\temp\*.* deltree /y c:\temp\*.* deltree /y c:\windows\Recent\*.* deltree /y c:\recycled\*.* cls EXIT

"C:\windows\history\today" will rebuld itself if you delete it. It's not a file, it's a specially configured directory structure that DOS doesn't see the same way that windows does. C:\windows\history\today doesn't actually exist as DOS sees it. Go into the C:\windows\history directory and type DIR/A this will show you the hidden directories and how they are named.
WINNT Version

@ECHO OFF ECHO ************************************************** ECHO ** DEL replaces DELTREE, /Q replaces /Y ** ECHO ************************************************** del /Q c:\docume~1\alluse~1\Cookies\*.* REM Change alluse~1 in the above line to your userID del /q c:\winnt\temp\*.* del /q c:\temp\*.* del /q c:\winnt\Recent\*.* del /q c:\*.chk EXIT

Add these lines for XP - Provided by Patrick R.

del /q C:\Windows\Temp\Adware\*.* del /q C:\Windows\Temp\History\*.* del /q C:\Windows\Temp\Tempor~1\*.* del /q C:\Windows\Temp\Cookies\*.*

One thing I do quite often is erase old floppy disks. I might have a stack of them and I don't care what's on them, but I want all the files gone including potential virii(everyone says "viruses" but "virii" is the proper term. Snob!). But I get tired of opening a DOS prompt and typing in the command to format the disk. So I wrote a one line batch file that does it for me. Save it as: "disk_wipe.bat"

format a: /u

Put a disk in the drive and double-click the .bat file icon.

Batch File Utilities and Commands

Any valid DOS command may be placed in a batch file, these commands are for setting-up the structure and flow of a batch file.

CLS
Clears the screen



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EXIT
Exits the command-line process when the batch file terminates


EXIT

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BREAK
When turned on, batch file will stop if the user presses < Ctrl >-< Break > when turned off, the script will continue until done.


BREAK=ON

BREAK=OFF

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CALL
Calls another batch file and then returns control to the first when done.

CALL C:\WINDOWS\NEW_BATCHFILE.BAT

Call another program

CALL C:\calc.exe

Details.

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CHOICE
Allows user input. Default is Y or N.
You may make your own choice with the /C: switch. This batch file displays a menu of three options. Entering 1, 2 or 3 will display a different row of symbols. Take note that the IF ERRORLEVEL statements must be listed in the reverse order of the selection. CHOICE is not recognized in some versions of NT.

@ECHO OFF ECHO 1 - Stars ECHO 2 - Dollar Signs ECHO 3 - Crosses CHOICE /C:123 IF errorlevel 3 goto CRS IF errorlevel 2 goto DLR IF errorlevel 1 goto STR :STR ECHO ******************* ECHO. PAUSE CLS EXIT :DLR ECHO $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ECHO. PAUSE CLS EXIT :CRS ECHO +++++++++++++++++++++ ECHO. PAUSE CLS EXIT

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FOR...IN...DO
Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files. FOR %%dosvar IN (set of items) DO command or command strcuture.
%%dosvar is the variable that will hold items in the list, usually a single leter: %%a or %%b. Case sensitive, %%a is different from %A. The items in the (set) are assigned to this variable each time the loop runs.

(set of items) is one item or multiple items seperated by commas that determine how many times the loop runs.

command or command strcuture is the operation you want to perform for each item in the list.

This code will run through the set (A, B, C), when it gets to B it will print the message: "B is in the set!"

FOR %%b in (A, B, C) DO IF %%b == B echo B is in the set!

This line will print the contents of C:\windows\desktop

FOR %%c in (C:\windows\desktop\*.*) DO echo %%c

So, you may create your own list or use various objects like files to determine the loop run.
Details.

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GOTO
To go to a different section in a batch file. You may create different sections by preceding the name with a colon.

:SUBSECTION

Programmers may find this similar to funtions or sub-routines.

@ECHO OFF :FIRSTSECTION ECHO This is the first section PAUSE GOTO SUBSECTION :SUBSECTION ECHO This is the subsection PAUSE

Skip sections of a batch file

@ECHO OFF :ONE ECHO This is ONE, we'll skip TWO PAUSE GOTO THREE :TWO ECHO This is not printed :THREE ECHO We skipped TWO! PAUSE GOTO END :END CLS EXIT

Looping with GOTO

:BEGIN REM Endless loop, Help!! GOTO BEGIN

Use with CHOICE

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IF, IF EXIST, IF NOT EXIST

IF EXIST C:\tempfile.txt DEL C:\tempfile.txt

IF NOT EXIST C:\tempfile.txt COPY C:\WINDOWS\tempfile.txt C:\tempfile.txt

Use with "errorlevel"
The generic paramater errorlevel refers to the output another program or command and is also used with the CHOICE structure. If you try and run a command in a batch file and produces an error, you can use errorlevel to accept the returned code and take some action. For example, let's say you have a batch file that deletes some file.

COPY C:\file.txt C:\file2.txt

If "file.txt" doesn't exist, you will get the error: COULD NOT FIND C:\FILE.TXT. Instead, use a structure like this to create the file, then copy it by accepting the error.

@ECHO OFF :START COPY file.txt file2.txt IF errorlevel 1 GOTO MKFILE GOTO :END :MKFILE ECHO file text>file.txt GOTO START :END ECHO Quitting PAUSE

an errorlevel of 1 means there was an error, errorlevel of 0 means there was no error. You can see these levels by adding this line after any line of commands:

ECHO errorlevel: %errorlevel%

Details.

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PAUSE
Pauses until the user hits a key.

This displays the familiar "Press any key to continue..." message.

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REM
Allows a remark to be inserted in the batch script.

REM DIR C:\WINDOWS	Not run as a command
DIR C:\WINDOWS	Run as a command

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ECHO
Setting ECHO "on" will display the batch process to the screen, setting it to "off" will hide the batch process.

@ECHO OFF	Commands are NOT displayed
@ECHO ON	Commands are displayed

ECHO can also be used in batch file to send output to the screen:

@ECHO OFF ECHO. ECHO Hi, this is a batch file ECHO. PAUSE

ECHO. sends a blank line.

To echo special characters, precede them with a caret:

ECHO ^<
ECHO ^>
Otherwise you will get an error.

The @ before ECHO OFF suppresses the display of the initial ECHO OFF command. Without the @ at the beginning of a batch file the results of the ECHO OFF command will be displayed. The @ can be placed before any DOS command to suppress the display.

Breaking long lines of code
You may break up long lines of code with the caret ^. Put it at the end of a line, the next line must have space at the begining. Example:

copy file.txt file2.txt

would be:

copy file.txt^   file2.txt

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SET
Use to view or modify environment variables. More.

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LASTDRIVE
Sets the last drive in the system.

lastdrive=Q

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MSCDEX
Loads the CD-ROM software extensions(drivers), usually so an operating system can be then loaded from CD. See the AUTOEXEC.BAT section for special instructions concerning CD ROM installation. Installing windows from a CD when the CDROM is not yet configured

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The AUTOEXEC.BAT file

AUTOEXEC.BAT stands for automatic execution batch file, as in start-up automatically when the computer is turned on. Once a very important part of the operating system, it is being less used and is slowly disapearing from Windows. It is still powerful and useful. In NT versions it is called AUTOEXEC.NT, click here for more information.

Before the graphical user interface(GUI, "gooey") of Windows, turning on a PC would display an enegmatic C:\> and not much else. Most computer users used the same programs over-and-over, or only one program at all. DOS had a batch file which set certain system environments on boot-up. Because this was a batch file, it was possible to edit it and add a line to start-up the user's programs automatically.

When the first version of Windows was released users would turn their PCs on, and then type: WIN or WINDOWS at the prompt invoking the Windows interface. The next version of Windows added a line to the AUTOEXEC to start Windows right away. Exiting from Windows, brought one to the DOS prompt. This automatic invocation of Windows made a lot of people mad. Anyone who knew how to edit batch files would remove that line from the AUTOEXEC to keep Windows from controling the Computer. Most users do not even know that DOS is there now and have never seen it as Windows hides the any scrolling DOS script with their fluffy-cloud screen. At work I will often have to troubleshoot a PC by openning a DOS shell, the user's often panic, believing that I have broken their machine because the screen "turns black".

Most current versions of Windows have a folder called "Start-up." Any program or shortcut to a program placed in this folder will start automatically when the computer is turned on. This is much easier for most users to handle than editing batch files.

Old versions of DOS had a AUTOEXEC that looked like this:

@echo off prompt $p$g

All this really did way set the DOS prompt to ">"

Later versions looked like this:

cls @echo off path c:\dos;c:\windows set temp=c:\temp Lh mouse Lh doskey Lh mode LPT1 retry

This AUTOEXEC.BAT loads DOS & then Windows. Sets up a "temp" directory. Loads the mouse driver, sets DOSKEY as the default and sets the printer retry mode. "Lh" stands for Load High, as in high memory.

An AUTOEXEC.BAT from a Windows 3.11 Machine

@ECHO On rem C:\WINDOWS\SMARTDRV.EXE C:\WINDOWS\SMARTDRV.EXE 2038 512 PROMPT $p$g PATH C:\DOS;C:\WINDOWS;C:\LWORKS;C:\EXPLORER.4LC SET TEMP=C:\DOS MODE LPT1:,,P >nul C:\DOS\SHARE.EXE /F:150 /L:1500 C:\WINDOWS\mouse.COM /Y cd windows WIN

This version simply sets DOS to boot to Windows.

SET HOMEDRIVE=C: SET HOMEPATH=\WINDOWS

Whenever a program is installed on a computer, the setup program or wizard will often edit the AUTOEXEC. Many developer studios will have to "set a path" so programs can be compiled or run from any folder. This AUTOEXEC is an example of that:

SET PATH=C:\FSC\PCOBOL32;C:\SPRY\BIN SET PATH=C:\Cafe\BIN;C:\Cafe\JAVA\BIN;%PATH% SET HOMEDRIVE=C: SET HOMEPATH=\WINDOWS

This AUTOEXEC sets the path for COBOL and JAVA development BINs. This way, the computer knows where to look for associated files for COBOL and JAVA files if they are not located directly in a BIN folder.





Sets all the devices and boots to Windows.
When the "REM" tags are removed the device commands become visible.

@SET PATH=C:C:\PROGRA~1\MICROS~1\OFFICE;%PATH% REM [Header] @ECHO ON REM [CD-ROM Drive] REM MSCDEX.EXE /D:OEMCD001 /L:Z REM [Display] REM MODE CON: COLS=80 LINES=25 REM [Sound, MIDI, or Video Capture Card] REM SOUNDTST.COM REM [Mouse] REM MOUSE.COM REM [Miscellaneous] REM FACTORY.COM

For loading Windows from a CD

@echo off MSCDEX.EXE /D:OEMCD001 /L:D d: cd \win95 oemsetup /k "a:\drvcopy.inf"

For loading CDROM drivers
Removing the "REM" tags uncomments the commands and runs them.

REM MSCDEX.EXE /D:OEMCD001 /l:d REM MOUSE.EXE

AUTOEXEC in NT

NT does not use AUTOEXEC.BAT, the file is called AUTOEXEC.NT and should be found in the C:\WINNT\system32 folder. Here is a sample AUTOEXEC.NT file:

@echo off REM AUTOEXEC.BAT is not used to initialize the MS-DOS environment. REM AUTOEXEC.NT is used to initialize the MS-DOS environment unless a REM different startup file is specified in an application's PIF. REM Install CD ROM extensions lh %SystemRoot%\system32\mscdexnt.exe REM Install network redirector (load before dosx.exe) lh %SystemRoot%\system32\redir REM Install DPMI support lh %SystemRoot%\system32\dosx SET PCSA=C:\PW32 dnp16.exe

*.NT and *.CMD

.NT and .CMD may be used as .BAT files were used in earlier versions of Windows. You may notice on NT systems that there are fewer and fewer .BAT files. Try seaching for .NT or .CMD and you will find many of the same types of batch files that were available as .BATs. For example: CONFIG.NT has a similar function to the old CONFIG.SYS of Windows.

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CONFIG.SYS

In Windows systems config.sys is used to set the initial values of the environment variables. To see your current settings, type SET on a command line. In early versions config.sys is a text file you can edit. In later versions it is a complied file that cannot be changed in a text editor. In newer NT versions it is not used at all. Try msconfig.exe instead.

REM [Header] FILES=20 BUFFERS=20 DOS=HIGH,UMB REM [SCSI Controllers] REM DEVICE=SCSI.SYS REM [CD-ROM Drive] REM DEVICE=CDROM.SYS /D:OEMCD001 REM [Display] REM DEVICE=DISPLAY.SYS REM [Sound, MIDI, or Video Capture Card] REM DEVICE=SOUND.SYS REM [Mouse] REM DEVICE=MOUSE.SYS REM ------------------ REM [Miscellaneous] REM DEVICE=SMARTDRV.EXE

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Types of "batch" files in windows

INI, *.ini - Initalization file. These set the default variables for the system and programs. More

CFG, *.cfg - Configuration files.

SYS, *.sys - System files, can sometimes be edited, mostly compiled machine code in new versions. More.

COM, *.com - Command files. These are the executable files for all the DOS commands. In early versions there was a seperate file for each command. Now, most are inside COMMAND.COM.

NT, *.nt - Batch files used by NT operating systems.

CDM, *.cmd - Batch files used in NT operating systems.

Answer Files and Unattended Installations
Customizing Unattended Installations
Answer Files
Customizing and Automating Installations
Automate Windows Installations

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Batch File Parameters

You may put and use command-line parameters into your batch-files.

Suppose you had a batchfile called "test.bat" and these were the contents:

@echo off if (%1) == (Hi) echo %1

and at the command line you entered: test.bat Hi, the output would be "Hi". If you entered test.bat bye you would get no response because the parameter did not match. the "%1" refers to the first parameter on the command line after the batch file name. If you want to two parameters, the script would look like this:

@echo off if (%1) == (Hi) echo %1 %2

You could also just spit out what someone types in without a condition:

@echo off echo %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6

Then typing test.bat dont tell me what to do would produce
dont tell me what to do because it is set up to handle 6 parameters and there are six words. You can tease someone by changing the order:

@echo off echo %6 %3 %1 %2 %5 %4

do me dont tell to what

Making your own variables
You may use the SET command to create your own internal paramaters. This batch file:

@echo off set myvar=Hi Joe echo %myvar% is myvar

Will print Hi Joe is myvar. Notice a few important points. when we initialize myvar there are no % around it. When we use it, it must be between two %. Also, there must be no spaces between the = and the terms. When myvar is not in a set command or between % it is treated as a literal string.

You can make up your own parameter names and have many of them:

@echo off set name=John Smith set address=1 main street set city=helltown echo %name% echo %address% echo %city%

You could also assign command line parameters to the variables:

@echo off set name=%1 set address=%2 set city=%3 echo %name% echo %address% echo %city%

The command line usually sees the space as a parameter delimiter, use double quotes " to make it ingore the spaces: test.bat "Joe Smith" "1 Main Street" "Helltown".
Something important to remember about SET, it actaully creates a variable name in the file So if you enter SET NAME=Joe on the command line or in a batch file and then go to the command line and enter ECHO %NAME% the response will be Joe. Entering SET with no parameters will also show the whole list of SET variables. These will be erased when you reboot.

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The power of command line switches

Most GUI programs have some kind of command line support which means you may automate their operation through batch files. For example, DOS does not have a built-in email sending function like UNIX. However, using an installed email program like Outlook, you may "force feed" the program on the command line. Outlook examples:outlook /c ipm.note will open a blank email, outlook /c ipm.note /m  will open a blank email with the indicated address, outlook /c ipm.note /a myfile.doc attaches a file. More outlook switches, outlook programming.

An example using command line with winzip.

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The Windows Installation Catch-22
You have a new computer with a unformated hard drive, or a drive with only DOS loaded. You want to load Windows from a CD, but you can't see the CD ROM from the DOS prompt. This is messy and can be screwed-up easily, luckily mistakes on this don't cause permanent damage. If you're lucky the CD ROM you have came with an installation disk(on floppy, of course). Putting this disk in and running the INSTALL.EXE or SETUP.EXE will install the drivers for you and alter the system files so you can load Windows from the CD ROM(Linux, by the way, has no problem with this!). If there is no INSTALL.EXE on the disk, you will have to edit lines in two files on your Windows 95 Boot/Install floppy disk. These files are: CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT. Open these files for editing are look for lines that look like these:

REM DEVICE=CDROM.SYS /D:OEMCD001

And

REM C:\DOS\MSCDEX.EXE /D:OEMCD001

They may or may not be REMed out. You will need to change the "/D:OEMCD001" part of these lines to reflect the CD ROM that you have. For example if you have a Memorex it might be "/D:MSCD001". But be sure, check any manuals you might have lying around. If not, go to the manufacturer's website and down load the installation files. You will also need to figure out which drive letter it will be. If you only have on hard disk, it will be "D:" as in "/D:MSCD001," if you have two hard drives, or your drive is in several partitions, it might be "E:" or "F:". So then the line would be "/E:MSCD001" or "/F:MSCD001"

The Final line in CONFIG.SYS might be like this:

DEVICE=C:\WINDOWS\SBIDE.SYS /D:MSCD001 /V /P:170,15

Disable\Enable the USB drive in Windows 7

Sometimes it is necessary to Block or Disable the USB to prevent your PC from viruses and Trojans especially when it is in a crowded area like in Office, School or College.
Here, I'm gonna show you a simple trick to Disable/Enable the USB drive in your PC without any third party software by simply making changes in the Windows registry.

• Open registry. Window Key+R > type regedit
• Navigate to the following registryHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\USBSTOR
• There in the right content pane search for REG_DWORD Start

• Double click on it and a new small pop box will appear.

• Change its value to 4 to Disable the USB
• Change its value to 3 to Enable the USB
• Sometimes a reboot will be required for the changes to take effect

Alternative Method:

Open Notepad

Copy the following code

reg add HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\USBSTOR /v Start /t REG_DWORD /d 4 /f

Save it as > block.bat

Again open notepad

Copy the following code

reg add HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\USBSTOR /v Start /t REG_DWORD /d 3 /f

Save it as unblock.bat

Click block.bat file > run as administrator to disable the USB drive.

Click on unblock.bat file > run as administrator to enable the USB drive.

Manually remove the shortcut virus from USB

Hi guys. Sometimes its very irritating when you insert any USB and it shows many shortcuts of My Documents and all the important data and files become invisible. This is due to a shortcut virus. It is usually present in many computers of office, college or cyber cafes. Many of my friends are facing the problems with this virus. So here is a simple trick by which you can remove this virus from your pen drive.

• Open command prompt. go to start >run > type cmd.
• Insert your USB flash drive. Assuming it is the drive I:
• In the command prompt window type the following code and hit enter

attrib -h -r -s /s /d I:\*.*

          here replace I: with your drives name.

• That's it. Now you can see the magic that all your invisible files are back now. 

You have successfully removed the shortcut virus from your pen drive.

HOW TO APPLY CYBEROAM 10 FIRMWARE UPDATES

A few times a year a notification on your Cyberoam’s dashboard that looks like this:

The update can be downloaded directly from the link and the update process is fairly painless. I’ve done this for two dozen or more units and never had one brick, so there’s a very little worry here. Also, the Cyberoam keeps two firmware images in memory so that if something goes wrong, it just boots from the last valid image (i.e. the one it’s running now). Still, I’d do this after hours and take a configuration backup first.

I recommend that you check my article on Automatic Cyberoam Backups and add them before going further.

Applying Cyberoam Firmware Updates

Step 1 - Take a manual backup of your Cyberoam. It’s fairly easy to do. Go to the Maintenance Menu under the System Menu on the left. Select the Backup and Restore tab and click the “Download Now” button. A file download of the configuration file will start. It’s a small file so even if you’re doing this over the internet, it shouldn’t take too long to finish.

Step 2 - Download the Firmware update. You can either get it from the message on your dashboard or from Cyberoam’s website directly. You’ll need to log into your customer account to get the download. I don’t suggest doing this because you have to answer a few questions about your device and if you make the wrong choice, this at best won’t work.

Step 3 - Go to the Maintenance Menu under the System Menu and select the Firmware Tab. You’ll see the two, or possibly more firmware images being stored on your device. The top one on the list will have an upwards pointing arrow next to it. See the image below. Note that the bottom one on the list is the one being used by the unit.

Click on that upload icon.

Step 4 - Find the firmware file you downloaded in the second step with the “Choose File” button.

Step 5 - You have two options at this point. You can click the “Upload and Boot” button and it will apply it immediately, or you can just click the upload firmware button. If you choose the latter, you can wait until a later time to apply the firmware. Note that when you just upload the firmware, it replaces the non-active image on your device.

Step 6 - If you clicked the “Upload and Boot” button, then as soon as the unit reboots, you are done. If you clicked the “Upload Firmware Button” you will have to tell it when to boot to the new image. To do so, click the two arrows icon on the top item on the list (the non-active image). See the image below:

Once the Cyberoam has rebooted in either case you’ve updated the firmware. Most of the time if the image was bad, or something else goes wrong it just boots into the last working image. Most of the time if you just download the file again and try again this will resolve itself. If not you may either need to call customer support or wait for the next firmware image to come out

Fatal Error : Faild to get proc adress for GetLogicalProcessorInformation (KERNEL32.dll)

Fatal Error: Failed to get proc address for GetLogicalProcessorInformation (KERNEL32.dll)

Sometimes when you format your computer by Windows XP SP2 you get this weird problem :

The first thing you think about is the CD you format with it maybe not complete and that problem is unsolvable and you must format again your computer with new windows to make sure where from this problem. but now I'll teach you an easy way to fix that problem :

- Go here: Microsoft Center
- Select your windows language ( for example if your windows are English select English, if french select french) and click download . or you can download this update directly from here :

Windows XP SP3 Network Installation Pack

-After download finish, open the executable file and install it like any software. after finishing restart your computer, and the problem will be solved.

please if you have any questions or you need support just leave a comment